fig11

Figure 11. (A) Design and fabrication of the BSOS sensor (a), definition of robotic arm control rules based on the BSOS sensor output signal (b), and HMI demonstration of the finger-driven robotic arm for precise handling of paper cups (c)^[52]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; (B) Schematic illustration of the tactile sensor (a), real-time response recorded from different finger sensors for grasping and releasing a tennis ball under various gestures (b), intelligent robotics integrated with tactile sensors to perceive material hardness, roughness, and shape of objects (c-e)^[54]. Copyright 2023, Wiley; (C) Schematic diagram of the OFN sensing system (a), finite element simulation of strain distribution in OFN sensors under stress (b-d), exploded diagram of the robotic tactile finger (e), and the tri-axial force sensing signals and snapshots during the cutting experiment and the unlocking experiment, respectively (f and g)^[53]. Copyright 2023, Opto-Electronic Journals Group. BSOS: Bioinspired stretchable optical fiber-based sensor; HMI: human–machine interaction; OFN: optical fiber knot.