fig8

Figure 8. Sensing properties and real-time monitoring capabilities of the B-ESD. (A and B) Relative resistance changes (ΔR/R₀) and corresponding GFs under different tensile strains; (C and D) Relative resistance changes (ΔR/R₀) and corresponding pressure sensitivity under different compression stresses; (E) Response and recovery time evaluation; (F) Long-term durability test of B-ESD with 45% tensile strain for 1,000 cycles; (G) Cyclic tensile stress-strain curves and (H) calculated dissipated energy over 1,000 cycles; (I and J) Real-time monitoring of subtle physiological signals: (I) swallowing and (J) deep breathing; (K-M) Real-time monitoring of large-scale joint kinematics: (K) finger, (L) wrist, and (M) elbow bending. B-ESD: Bilayer electrogenerative smart dressing; GFs: gauge factors.