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Figure 2. Characterization of MDP and MDP-DOPA. (A) In vitro permeability test of MDP and MDP-DOPA using TB solution (n = 5); Evaluation of mechanical properties: (B) compressive modulus (n = 5, crosshead speed: 1 mm·min^-1) and (C) tensile properties (n = 5, crosshead speed: 1 mm·min^-1); (D) In vitro degradation test of MDP and MDP-DOPA. Representative images of degraded hydrogels at each time point (n = 5, scale bar = 5 mm). All values are reported as mean ± SD from five independent hydrogel specimens per group. MDP: Milk-derived protein; DOPA: dihydroxyphenylalanine; TB: toluidine blue; SD: standard deviation.