fig8

From: Flexible optical waveguides for health: a review of the current status and technological perspectives

Figure 8. (A) The UCNPs implant successfully guided NIR light at the maximum bending angle (a), tissue penetration evaluation of UCNPs implant in synthetic tissue model (b), and NIR transmission of UCNPs implants (c)^[48]. Copyright 2020, Wiley; (B) Light transmission within the THFOW (a), laser light (λ = 515 nm) propagation within porcine tissue through implanted THFOW2500 (b), and schematic illustration of the controllable PTT in vivo (c)^[151]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature; (C) Optical images of tissues with and without biodegradable fibers under green laser irradiation (a), and diagram of the SD rat bone defect model established procedure (b-g)^[47]. Copyright 2020, Wiley. UCNPs: Upconversion nanoparticles; NIR: near-infrared; THFOW: temperature-adaptive hydrogel fiber-based optical waveguide; PTT: photothermal therapy.