fig3

Figure 3. Film-bending-based walking bio-bots. (A) An inchworm-like bio-bot moved forward. The sequential movement of the bio-bot shown by (i). schematic diagrams and (ii). microscope images. Reproduced with permission^[57]. Copyright 2005, Springer Nature; (B) A myopod-like bio-bot capable of autonomous or remote-controlled walking. Reproduced with permission^[58]. Copyright 2007, The American Association for the Advancement of Science; (C) A crab-like bio-bot designed as an asymmetric structure with three front and rear legs of different lengths showing the sequential movement during one step. Reproduced with permission^[60]. Copyright 2007, RSC; (D) A caterpillar-like bio-bot that causes asymmetrical friction through a designed microstructure on the underside. (i). The structure of the caterpillar-like bio-bot; (ii). The crawling process of bio-bot on an incline of 10^o. Reproduced with permission^[62]. Copyright 2018, WILEY‐VCH.