fig2

From: Nanomedicine-enabled ultrasound immunotherapy: from immunogenic cell death to systemic immune activation

Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the ultrasound-activatable in situ vaccine strategy for enhanced antigen self-and cross-presentation to overcome resistance. (A) Preparation process of TPLHZ; (B) Under ultrasound irradiation, TPLHZ is anticipated to inhibit tumor DNA hypermethylation and promote MHC-I-mediated antigen self-presentation. Meanwhile, excessive ROS production can lead to the in situ release of tumor antigens from dying cells and facilitate the cross-presentation of tumor antigens by DCs. Enhanced antigen self- and cross-presentation potentiates tumor immunotherapy. Reproduced with permission^[83]. Copyright 2024, ACS Nano. PLT: Platelet; TK: thylakoid; HMME: hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether; TCR: T-cell receptor; PD-1: programmed death-1; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; DC: dendritic cell; TPLHZ: TK/PLT@Lipo-HMME/Zeb; DNMTi: DNA methyltransferase inhibitor; DSPE: 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; PEG: poly(ethylene glycol); Zeb: zebularine; NV: nanovesicle.