fig1

Figure 1. Heterogeneous microstructures induced by grain structure. (A and B) Backscattered electron (BSE) images along deposition direction of L-PBFed Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy; (C) Inverse polar figure (IPF) map^[44]. (D and E) IPF images observed from the top surface and side view of the L-PBFed AlZnMgCuScZr alloy showing the heterogeneous grain distribution; (F) IPF image revealing the UFGs^[50]. (G) Calculated incubation time for the competing Al₃Nb primary phase and Al matrix, with two cooling curves representative for the center (orange curve) and the bottom (blue curve) of melt pools in the L-PBFed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Nb alloy^[49]. (H) Schematic sketch of the L-PBF process for AlZnMgCuScZr alloy^[50].