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From: Synergistic regenerative rehabilitation for osteoarthritis: from biochemical microenvironment remodeling to multimodal physio-biological coupling

Synergistic regenerative rehabilitation for osteoarthritis: from biochemical microenvironment remodeling to multimodal physio-biological coupling

Figure 4. Regenerative rehabilitation synergistic strategies mediated by external electron magnetic regulation. (A) Schematic of the Sophisticated Magneto-Mechanical Actuation for Chondrogenesis of Magcells in OA Treatment; (B) Morphologies of formed Magcell clusters under different TMF parameters; (C) Immunofluorescence of COL II protein in Magcells treated with TGF-β under TMF stimulation or not for 14 days. “MF -” and “MF +” groups represent no TMF treatment and treatment with TMF, respectively; (D) The digital photographs of the joint samples after treatment; (E) Safranin O-fast green staining. The figure is reprinted from Ref.^[76] with permission. TMF: Time-varying magnetic field; COL II: Collagen type II; SOX9: SRY-box transcription factor 9; NCAD: Neural-cadherin; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; OA: osteoarthritis.