Figure 5. Predictive performance of the modified J–C model across different held-out temperatures: (A) 800 °C, (B) 850 °C, (C) 900 °C, (D) 950 °C, (E) 1,000 °C, (F) 1,050 °C. J–C: Johnson–Cook; R2: coefficient of determination; RMSE: root mean square error; MAE: mean asbsolute error.