fig2

Moisture-induced iontronics for self-powered electronics

Figure 2. Response and sensing of MIDs under different environmental stimuli. (A) Schematic of multimodal MID-based sensing; (B) Humidity change-induced moisture response. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2026, WILEY-VCH[8]; (C and D) Moisture-mediated pressure response. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2025, WILEY-VCH[7]; (E and F) Moisture-mediated temperature response. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2023, WILEY-VCH[19]; (G and H) Moisture-mediated light response. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2021, WILEY-VCH[21]. MID: Moisture-induced iontronic device; KGO: KOH-modified graphene oxides; GO: graphene oxides; AMPS: 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid; SSS: sodium styrene sulfonate; MBAA: N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide; RH: relative humidity.