fig2
Figure 2. Engineering strategies of EVs for AD therapy. Created in BioRender. (2026) https://BioRender.com/rvrshvz. AD: Alzheimer’s disease; BBB: blood-brain barrier; EVs: extracellular vesicles; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; miRNA: microRNA; mRNA: messenger RNA; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; NSCs: neural stem cells; O2: oxygen; pH: potential of hydrogen; RVG: rabies virus glycoprotein; siRNA: small interfering RNA.








