fig3

Figure 3. Influence of pH, salt, and detergent on the stability of LpEVs. Particle size and concentration of LpEVs were measured after exposure to different pH values (A), NaCl concentrations (B), and SDS concentrations (C) using a Zetasizer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple-comparisons test. Significant differences are indicated as ^**P < 0.01. LpEVs: L. plantarum EVs; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; ANOVA: analysis of variance.