fig1
Figure 1. Production and purification of LpEVs. L. plantarum was grown in MRS-T medium at 37 °C in a closed bottle until an OD600 of 1.5 was reached. The culture was centrifuged, filtered, concentrated, and subjected to UC. Crude LpEVs were further purified via SEC, pooled, and characterized. Figure created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/l3z5dk4). LpEVs: L. plantarum EVs; L. plantarum: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; MRS-T: De Man–Rogosa–Sharpe broth supplemented with Tween 80; UC: ultracentrifugation; SEC: size-exclusion concentration.
