fig4

Figure 4. Identification and characterization of EV subpopulations. The heatmap visualizes the protein expression profiles across EV subpopulations (A). Each column represents a distinct EV, while each row corresponds to an individual protein. Different colors denote separate EV subpopulations. TSNE scatter plots of EV subpopulations across groups N, T1, T2, and T3 (B-E). Different colors represent distinct subpopulations, with percentages in parentheses indicating the proportion of each subpopulation. Boxplots of Cluster 1, Cluster 2, and Cluster 4 subpopulations across different samples (F-H). The x-axis represents different groups, while the y-axis indicates the proportion of a specific subpopulation across these groups. The top 10 proteins in Cluster 1, Cluster 2, and Cluster 4. The x-axis denotes protein names, while the y-axis represents the proportion of each protein within the subpopulation (I-K). EV: Extracellular vesicle; TSNE: T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding.