fig5

Figure 5. MSC-EVs mitigate hepatic necroptosis and renal tubular injury. (A) pMLKL (the necroptosis marker) (red) and DAPI (blue) co-immunostaining of Sham, BDL and EV treatment groups in liver (scale bar = 100 μm); (B) Co-immunostaining of LTL (a proximal tubule marker, green), KIM-1 (red), and DAPI (blue) in the kidneys of Sham, BDL, and EV-treated groups (scale bar = 100 μm); (C) Quantification of percentage area of pMLKL in liver (n = 6); (D) Quantification of percentage area of KIM-1 in the kidney (n = 6); (E) Quantification of the percentage area of double-positive KIM-1 and LTL in the kidney (n = 6). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^***P < 0.001. MSC-EVs: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; pMLKL: phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; LTL: Lotus tetragonolobus lectin; KIM-1: kidney injury molecule-1; BDL: bile duct ligation; ANOVA: analysis of variance; SD: standard deviation.