fig4

Figure 4. MSC-EVs ameliorate fibrotic remodeling in both liver and kidney. (A) Sirius Red staining and α-SMA (a fibrosis marker) (red)/DAPI (blue) co-immunostaining of Sham, BDL and EV treatment groups in liver (top image scale bar =50 μm, bottom image scale bar =100 μm); (B) Co-immunostaining of LTL (a proximal tubule marker, green), α-SMA (red), and DAPI (blue) in the kidneys of Sham, BDL, and EV-treated groups (scale bar = 100 μm); (C) Quantification of percentage area of Sirius Red in liver (n = 6); (D) Quantification of percentage area of α-SMA in the liver (n = 6); (E) Quantification of percentage area of α-SMA in the kidney (n = 6). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^***P < 0.001. MSC-EVs: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; α-SMA: alpha-smooth muscle actin; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; LTL: Lotus tetragonolobus lectin; BDL: bile duct ligation; ANOVA: analysis of variance; SD: standard deviation.