fig12

Figure 12. (A) Optimized configurations of RP-PSFZ; blue and gray octahedra represent Fe and Zn sites, while yellow, green, and red spheres represent Pr, Sr, and O atoms, respectively. (B) Atomic-scale HAADF-STEM image of D-PSFZ along the <100> zone axis. (C) Schematic of the H₂O₂ generation mechanism on the PSF surface through oxygen reduction (red arrow) and water oxidation reaction (black arrow); blue, yellow, red, and white spheres represent Fe, Pr, O, and H atoms, respectively. (D) Water oxidation reaction polarization profiles of D-PSFZ at various solution concentrations of 0.1-2.0 M and saturated KHCO₃ solution (lower part) and the corresponding Faradaic efficiencies determined by the titration method (upper part). (A-D) is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[256]. Copyright © 2023 Springer Nature. (E) Side views of optimized H₂O* and H*-OH* structures on SnSe, VSn, and V₂Sn. (F) High-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the SnSe lattice along the [001] axis, with superimposed Sn and Se atoms at each atomic column. (G) Free-energy diagram of H₂O₂ production; the inset shows local surface reconstruction through VSn migration, where the dashed black circles represent VSn. (H) Schematic diagram of thermocatalytic H₂O₂ production from H₂O and O₂ over the surface of SnSe with Sn vacancies. (E-H) is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[257]. Copyright © 2025 Springer Nature. (I) Crystal structure of BIO along the b-c planes; red, purple, and blue represent O, Bi, and I atoms, respectively, and orange arrows indicate the polarization direction. (J) Corresponding inverse FFT patterns of BIO. (K) Free-energy diagram for two-electron and four-electron water oxidation reaction. (L) J-V curves of BIO in different systems under positive sweep for H₂O oxidation; red and white spheres represent O and H atoms, respectively. (I-L) is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[258]. Copyright © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. (M) Side and top views of *OH adsorption on ZnGa₂O₄. (N) HRTEM image and polycrystalline electron diffraction pattern of ZnGa₂O₄. (O) Real-timeH₂O₂ concentration as a function of time at 2.3, 2.5, and 2.7 V vs. RHE; the solid lines are fitting curves. (P) Schematic illustration of the proposed direct and indirect pathways toward H₂O₂ generation on the ZnGa₂O₄ surface. (M-P) is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[259]. Copyright © 2023 Springer Nature.