fig1

Figure 1. (A) Long-term cycling performance of Mn||Mn symmetric cells with different electrolytes; (B) Voltage profiles at selected cycles for the Mn||Mn symmetric cell using the G2-BiCl₃ electrolyte; (C) Rate capability of Mn||Mn symmetric cells with different electrolytes at various current densities; (D) Voltage profiles at designated cycles for the Mn||Cu half-cell using the G2-BiCl₃ electrolyte; (E) CV curves of the Mn||Cu half-cells with different electrolytes; (F) Tafel plots of pristine Mn anode and BiCl₃-modified Mn anode measured in a three-electrode configuration.