fig1
Figure 1. (A) Band energy diagrams of representative semiconductors for CO2 photoreduction (NHE: Normal Hydrogen Electrode). Number of published manuscripts categorized by the keywords of (B) Annual publication counts for “quantum dots” from 2001-2025. (C) Annual publication counts for “quantum dots” combined with “photocatalytic CO2 reduction” from 2009-2025. Data sourced from the Web of Science database.







