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Figure 2. Closed-loop AI agent architecture for inorganic materials synthesis. An AI orchestrator integrating LLMs, ML models, and physics-based tools connects experimental databases and computational resources to an autonomous laboratory cycle comprising candidate design, robotic synthesis, and characterization, with experimental feedback refining each subsequent cycle. Diagram elements were created with Chemix (https://chemix.org); robot arm icon by Ehtisham Abid (Flaticon), adapted with ChatGPT. AI: Artificial intelligence; LLMs: large language models; ML: machine learning; DFT: density functional theory.