fig1

Figure 1. Absolute emission time series for European countries by degree of urbanisation. The graphs show per capita household emissions for residents of cities, towns and suburbs and rural areas in red, blue, and green, respectively, for the years in which household budgets were conducted between 1994 and 2020. Unfilled bars represent the maximum calculated emissions for each urban type in each country. For each year, approximate per capita carbon budgets for 1.5 and 2.0 °C levels of warming are included as vertical lines.