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From: AI as a catalyst for transforming scientific research: a perspective

Figure 4. Illusions of understanding in AI-driven scientific research: (A) Scientists using AI (e.g., AI Quant) to model a phenomenon (X) may suffer from an illusion of explanatory depth, overestimating their actual understanding of X; (B) In a monoculture of knowing, scientists face an illusion of exploratory breadth: they falsely think they explore all testable hypotheses, but only cover a narrow subset testable via AI; (C) In a monoculture of knowers, an illusion of objectivity arises: scientists incorrectly assume AI has no standpoint or covers all standpoints, whereas AI tools embed the standpoints of their training data and their developers. This figure is quoted from Lisa Messeri & M. J. Crockett^[29]. AI: Artificial intelligence.