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Figure 4. Integrated strategies for cardiovascular healthy aging in China. This schematic summarizes a multidimensional framework for promoting cardiovascular healthy aging in China. Four complementary strategy domains are proposed: population-level risk-factor control, including salt reduction, culturally adapted exercise, environmental risk reduction, and age-friendly communities; clinical prevention and treatment, including vaccination, polypill strategy, evidence-informed traditional Chinese medicine, and frailty-aware guideline-directed therapy; community-based and digital delivery models, including task-sharing with village doctors, digital clinical decision support, and tiered referral systems; and geriatric and psychosocial integration, including frailty assessment, depression and loneliness screening, medication review, and social prescribing. Together, these strategies aim to reduce cardiovascular events, improve functional ability, reduce disability and mortality, and narrow rural-urban disparities in cardiovascular health.






