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Figure 5. Cell-cell interactions and their associated ligand-receptor pairs in DCM identified using scRNA-seq. ECs serve as central hubs for the increased cellular signaling observed in DCM. Arrows indicate signaling direction, with the protein at the arrow tail denoting the ligand and the protein at the arrowhead representing the receptor. DCM: Diabetic cardiomyopathy; scRNA-seq: single-cell RNA sequencing; EC: endothelial cell; TGFBR: transforming growth factor β receptor; LRP1: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor. PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor receptor; TGF: transforming growth factor; CSF1: colony-stimulating factor 1; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; EFEMP1: EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; ANGPTL: angiopoietin-like protein; TIE2: tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 2; AXL: AXL receptor tyrosine kinase; PROS: protein S; SDC3: syndecan-3; CDH5: cadherin5 [Created in BioRender. Justin R (2025)].