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Figure 1. Mechanistic roles of lncRNAs in the regulation of myocardial contractility. Schematic illustration of the major molecular pathways through which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in heart failure-related myocardial dysfunction. lncRNAs regulate cardiac pathology at multiple levels, including myocardial contractile protein expression, energy metabolism, ventricular remodeling, and translation into functional micropeptides. Through modulation of key signaling axes, these regulatory processes collectively promote cardiomyocyte injury, fibrosis, metabolic imbalance, and calcium handling disorders, ultimately leading to reduced cardiac ejection capacity. NEAT1: Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1; MIAT: myocardial infarction-associated transcript; PPARα: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; CPT: carnitine palmitoyltransferase; KCNQ1OT1: KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B.