fig1

Figure 1. Impact of glucose metabolic reprogramming on the immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sharp arrows denote positive regulation, whereas blunt arrows denote negative regulation. Upward symbols represent upregulation, whereas downward symbols represent downregulation. Major actionable targets are indicated by distinct geometric symbols: triangles represent metabolic enzymes, circles represent transporters, stars represent kinases, and pentagons represent immune checkpoint proteins. AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; GLUT1: glucose transporter 1; HK2: hexokinase 2; LDHA: lactate dehydrogenase A; MCT1: monocarboxylate transporter 1; MCT4: monocarboxylate transporter 4; mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin; mTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; PD-1: programmed cell death protein-1; PD-L1: programmed cell death-ligand 1; PKM2: pyruvate kinase M2.