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Figure 2. Dual Roles of Ferroptosis in Prostate Cancer. (A) Ferroptosis directly suppresses prostate cancer (PCa) through iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, while paradoxically promoting tumor progression via macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Key molecular regulators include p53, ROS, Nrf2 and HIF-1; (B) Ionizing radiation triggers ROS overproduction, which activates MAPK/Nrf2 pathways to amplify oxidative stress, while simultaneously engaging p53 to dysregulate iron homeostasis. This dual action synergistically drives lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic cell death. ROS: Reactive oxygen species.