Volume 4, Issue 3 (2024) – 11 articles
Cover Picture: This article discusses the impact of obesity and diabetes on heart disease risk in women. Cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes, affect women differently than men and have a detrimental impact on heart disease risk. While obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant cause of ischemic heart disease, women are more likely to experience angina and myocardial ischemia without obstructive atherosclerosis, often due to coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is also more common in women. Both CMD and HFpEF are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors prevalent among women. Additionally, women are more likely to have other risk-enhancing conditions, such as autoimmune dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and sex-specific hormonal factors, that adversely influence heart disease risk.
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